Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. A publication of the EOTC, Your email address will not be published. When he was studying a particular part of the Fidel the student unrolled the parchment and fixed the two-ends of the roll on a wooden stick with a piece of cloth or string. . Children of the clergy, who use church lands usually enter such schools in order to become deacon or priests in a church (and thus keep their church land in the hands of the family). Around that period, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. [12], Liturgical chant used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Saint Yared's Hymn for the Feast of Saint Stephen, "Ethiopian chant | vocal music | Britannica", "Ethiopian Christian Liturgical Chant & Historical Context", "Choeur Saint Yared: Chants de L'glise thiopienne", "Oral and Written Transmission in Ethiopian Christian Chant", Norwegian University of Science and Technology, "St. Yared: The Great Ethiopian Composer", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_chant&oldid=1124513207, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. - ., 2. With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. The work of the day is first reviewed, in which a lively discussion is usually generated. The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. Online Status. One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. When this group leaves the teacher, another group or individual comes to read to the teacher and hears his commentary. There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. All other texts are in Geez. The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. . ( .. ) ()= , 20. b) Reading lessons from religious books It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. = ( ) - ., 3. a) Zema Bet (Music school) KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. [ . The exercise of reading can be quite difficult for the beginner, particularly because the text is in Geez, a language no longer spoken and therefore far from the experience of the child. A new comer must ask him for permission to attend his classes. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. . = , 12. The 46 Books of the Old Testament are studied and commented upon. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. learning by counting each letter. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. = , 23 - . It is generally recognized that the most able clergy of the Church are those trained in the Qene School. / eathebook ! Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. The teacher or an advance student recites to the pupil sentence by sentence or verse-by-verse the standard prayer the child has to memorize. The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. [4], Saint Yared has been credited with the invention of the musical tradition of Ethiopian liturgical chants. = , 29. Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. GUNDI WEYNI ( ) : https://youtu.be/8rKoXPaauI47. Students come to the teacher in a group of three or four, all studying the same text. ], 2. () = , 20. At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. . 1 = . display: none !important; Privacy-Statement . In these specialized branches the students learns the traditions of the Church, theology, Church history and laws, through the interpretation of the various individual writings. ( ) . In other words, the church is successfully bridging the transition from strictly traditional scholarship to a new, dynamic era where traditional learning and modern education will blend together to ensure the continuity of Ethiopias Christian heritage in the setting of modern world. Prominent Zema bet are at Dbr Abbay (Tgray), Sllkula (Wllo) and Gon Tewodros (Goam). [6] He invented three forms of chanting. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. Ancient chanted liturgy with congregation participating with clapping, ululation and rhythmic movements has been retained from that era. . The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. . . ( ) :: . JECS is providing a platform for researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students to impart and share knowledge in the form . , . The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1 - () = , 19 = , 2 () = , 20 = ( ) , 3 - , 21 = ( ) , 4 - () = , 22 = () , 5 - () = , 23 = () , 6 = , 24 = ( ) , 7 () = , 25 = ( ) , 8 = , 26 = , 9 = , 27 = ( ) , 10 = , 28 = ( ) , 11 = , 29 = ( ) - , 12 = , 30 = ( ) - , 13 = ( ) = , 31 = ( ) - , 14 = , 32 = , 15 = , 33 = ( ) - , 16 = , 34 = () - , 17 = , 35 = () - , 18 ' = ( ) . Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. What is the process of learning the letters? At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. The teacher either accepts the verses or the offers critical comments and sends the student back for further meditation, students come at intervals to the teacher to recite in the manner. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. , The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. Ethiopianorthodox.org traffic volume is 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews. . The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church > > > > > > //// . = , 10. = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. = , 11 - = , 12 - = , 13 - = , 14 - = , 15 - . The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. . () = , 17. However, in rural districts, parents generally discouraged the education of girls, since their function is to be housewives, and for this role no formal education is felt to be necessary. The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. . The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. [8], Ethiopian liturgical chants are based on both written and oral sources,[9] but the isolation of Ethiopia and the lack of source material make it difficult to reconstruct the exact history of Ethiopian church music. If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. All depends on the availability of books. The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. From that time to the present the church schools have undergone little change. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . = , 1. [ ], 9. The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. raider. (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. . = , 1. In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. The rest, including the teaching the traditions and service of the Church, is learned through daily experience in the parish itself. The web value rate of . A student is considered ready when he has mastered the complicated genre of qen. The wandering student expects a high position in the church hierarchy. = , 24 - .= , 25 - . = , 08. .. = , 20. .. = , 28. = . = , 21. The emigrants brought their secular and liturgical music traditions with them. = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . The higher schools of the church He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. [ . ], 3. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. : : 1. To specialize in Qene so as to be a teacher in a higher school, the student must attend several schools and study more branches of Qene, which means studying and wandering for some years more. Here the student attempts to put the letters together in a chanting form and read them as a word. }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. There are several reasons for this. = , 6. () = , 1. ( ) 1 - () = : 19 = . In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. The main reason for wandering in search of schools and teachers is that in rural areas any higher education is not possible for a youth who remains with his parents, except in a few cases of Debtera families. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. () - ., 10. = . = , 5. When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. . = , 30 . () = , 31. BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. The following illustration may make this clear. Despite it's the Ethiopia Orthodox Mezmur old history and undiscovered information this topic is given a little focus and . . the beginning of reading. The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. , 1. We shall not discuss here the historical development, but rather the educational activities of the schools, as we know them today in the country. () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. Last updated 14 Jan. 2023 video Pupils need not understand the texts of these books, but they have to be able to read them well, since thee are the books read in the church service, where young boys serve as readers, deacons, and later on as priests. He must also profoundly study traditional cultural, social, intellectual and educational values (Alemayyehu Moges 1973: 92). Those who want to study further may join the next school, the Metsehaf Bet. = , 4. 1) The Nebab Bet The modern schools often accepts more readily in their primary grades those children who can already read and write. The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot * ], 7. Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. ' , 1. The commentaries of these teachings do not proceed under systematic theological or historical categories, but when each sentence or phrase of a text is interpreted, depending on the content, theological, moral and historical questions are raised, discussed, and developed. = , 2. [ . ], 30. . It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. Modern education, of recent origin, is provided mainly in schools operated by the Government. [11] Ethiopian Church music remains tightly bounded within the communities and rarely attracts attention by outsiders. Aside from the Authoritarian tradition there is another consideration; the student is not allowed to have a critical opinion about any text to be commented upon, since it is believed that God revealed the content to the Fathers through the Holy Sprit. [6], Students of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. According to the Church Office there are about 15,000 churches in Ethiopia. The Qne bet takes from three to five years. To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. 'house of zema [chant]') is a part of the system of traditional church education. = , 8 . . In some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Psalms. A Debtera is a general term given to all those who have completed one of the higher schools of the church. It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. + Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent. = , 16 - = , 9. The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. = , 25. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. For, in spite of the inevitable changes taking place in Ethiopia with the steady expansion of modern secular education in the present century, church schools still play an active part in the Ethiopian educational scene. The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. The students begins by learning first the simplest Qene form known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses. The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. . The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. He has the opportunity to discuss the theme given, which challenges his intellect. = [ ], 3. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. B TIMKETKA (): https://youtu.be/5xfT3aTCWOY4. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. Some of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet join a Qedasse School, one of the schools are the liturgy. Traditionally, teachers in different areas select any text for reading. If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the House of Reading is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. () -., 18 - = , 11 - = , 20 - = , 21 - = , 3. = , 7 - = , 2. A reader of the psalms enjoys certain privileges as one of the elite in his village. We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). Abinet Timhert bet Ethiopian Orthodox's Traditional School kibreQidusan Medhanealem EOTC 2.12K subscribers Subscribe 9 Share 634 views 2 years ago Show more Show. This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) For this purpose scanty training suffices. Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. ( ) = , 2. This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. . A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. The methods of practicing the reading are those described under the Fidel Hawaria, namely, Qutir, Geez, Wurdnebab, and Nebab. Everything there is to Ethiopia from around the web. b) Drill in the reading of various religious texts . = , 4. However, Ethiopian Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition. = , 18. = , 00. The Journal of Ethiopian Church Studies (JECS) is a high-quality peer-reviewed research journal that is published under the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church Research Institute (EOTCRI) once a year. [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. After the great wars, particularly after the 17th century, cultural activities declined. The next day the student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition. The church school system has the following divisions: This is considered one of the most important events in the life of the pupil. = [ ], 8. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. () = , 21. This faith, the churches believes, is derived from the apostolic heritage and borne witness to in the New Testament against the background of the Old Testament.