specimen faxes. In general, specimens for virus isolation should be collected within 4 days after onset of illness as virus shedding decreases rapidly after that time. Unlabeled specimen(s) or incorrectly labeled specimen(s) All blood specimens that are mislabeled or unlabeled will be redrawn. a. specimen collection and transport. Stress: May cause transient elevation in white blood cells (WBC's) and elevated adrenal hormone values (cortisol and catecholamines). If the daily ambient temperature is below 22C, samples should be shipped to the laboratory within 24 hours. Place about 4-8 g of feces (small spoon) in a clean, dry, leak-proof container. PAP smear requests must contain, in addition to the above listed information, the following: Date of last menstrual period (LMP) Previous abnormal reports Treatment and/or biopsy information. $.' describe avian. The Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lameta Formation is well-known for its osteological and oological remains of sauropods from the eastern and western parts of the Narmada Valley, central India. Identify the patient. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Two to. You can read the details below. ; worn to protect the patient and the phlebotomist. Examples of Plankton Specimen #1 - . Common cold: Respiratory infection by Rhino virus, Coronavirus, Para-influenza virus, Influenza virus, Flu: Common cold caused by Influenza virus (only), Influenza: A virus that causes common flu or specific flu (bird flu, swine flu), Swine flu: A type of Influenza virus transmitted to humans often causing severe respiratory disease, Bird flu/ Avian Influenza: A type of influenza virus that infects birds and, H5N1/ H1N1: Scientific name of a virus causing bird flu, Pneumonia: Severe Infection by virus or bacteria in the lower part of our lungs, SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or severe respiratory disease by one type virus (. hmO9_6~?UUw:-'!^l*lP'c=cg~cJ5IDNhE 4zBCIda0 HUMo0m6jbq[?Rv(h^}W_W~D!`%W^"mO y?-@*R?T9zh0gM-'}L1luaO;TiYeSVE. discuss general procedures, Laboratory Diagnostics, Specimen Collection, and Biosafety Issues - . endobj There is a clot activator present and inversion expedites the clotting process. endobj OF SPECIMENS module 2: specimen collection & Proper procedures must be followed to assure the integrity, Several essential steps are required for every successful, Patient's identification is absolutely essential to maintain, The essential elements of the requisition : form are. There are selective/differential media for Y. Y. enterocolitica grows as tiny pinpoint lactose, If these plates are incubated at room temperature, Bacteria exhibiting this behavior are further, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and, Symptoms of most bacterial food poisoning, Except for the culturing of Salmonella, diagnosis, Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach or, Upper GI infection symptoms generally include, Bacteria agents responsible for acute toxic food, Gastric biopsies are becoming more common, Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of, H. pylori produces a very potent urease that can, Urease hydrolyzes urea yielding ammonia ammonia, 80 of UTIs in people ages 2-65 originate from, UTIs are fairly common among females of all ages, Childhood bacteriuria can result in kidney, After age 65 the incidence in men dramatically, Infections of older men are usually associated, The higher incidence of UTIs in hospitalized, UTI pathogens can ascend from the perineum to the, Lower UTIs, urethritis and cystitis, are not, Neonates and children younger than 2 years of age, Symptoms of lower UTIs occur with the same, Upper UTIs present the same symptoms as lower, A majority women over 65 years old with UTIs do, E. coli is the leading cause of community, Other enteric Gram (-) rods that frequently cause, Gram positive bacteria associated with community, Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the leading cause, Other prominent etiologies in hospitalized, Unlike most other clinical specimens, the culture, ?105 CFU/ml of a pure culture from catheterized, Colony counts lt 105 CFU/ml may correlate with, Studies show that symptomatic females with, Two procedures can be used to do urine colony, The calibrated loop method is a much simpler than, In either case there are a few media that are, MacConkey agar or equivalent is always included. The laboratory offering the test should be contacted to determine the specifics of sample collection and handling; required samples range from hair to skin or blood. Eastern African coral reefs were severely impacted by the El Nio Southern Oscillation of 1997-98, with bleaching and mortality levels varying from< 1% in South Africa to 80% and greater on reefs in northern Tanzania and Kenya. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Click here to review the details. endobj gram reaction, Since septicemia and complications thereof has, The results must be communicated to the physician, Lab results on cerebrospinal fluid are also, Several bacterial species (and other pathogens), Diarrhea can be limited to cramping loose, Enterotoxins attach to the intestinal mucosal, Other exotoxins (see conditions on next slide), Colitis involves diarrhea with additional, Enterocolitis is similar but also involves the, Dysentery includes the above symptoms along with, These and other GI conditions are much less, Culture and direct wet preparations for fecal, Through further study and improved methods it was, Enteric pathogens that emerged include Salmonella, Collection of fecal samples is relatively, Feces (stool) is the specimen of choice for, Stool should be collected in a wide-mouth, If the patient cannot produce a stool specimen, Swab samples are generally processed more rapidly, It is always best to transport all samples, Stool that cannot be processed within one hour, If intestinal parasites are suspected, samples, The majority of GI infections are caused by, Therefore a Gram stain for bacterial cellular, Fecal Gram stains for leukocytes (PMNs) are, A Methylene blue wet prep is an easy alternative, The presence of Gram () cocci in clusters, A preponderance of budding cells (with or without, Campylobacter is a tiny curved or loosely, Fecal specimens are heavily contaminated with, Fecal microbes, in general, are resistant to, This allows application of various selective and. Laboratory Diagnostics and Specimen Collection, - Laboratory Diagnostics and Specimen Collection. SPECIMENS REQUIRED FOR LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS. Never give the specimen to someone else to label. L CT ANDLING OF If a specimen is sent to the lab mislabeled or unlabeled it will be discarded. The MEC coordinator assigns a SP (sample person) to the specimen collection/balance room. Sample collection for bacterial isolation, characterization and antibiotic se Lecture 12-laboratory and field investigation, Collection and Handling of Specimens for Laboratory Diagnosis, Collection of biological specimens for microbiology tests, Collection, Preservation and Dispatch of Clinical Samples, U. P. 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Transtracheal Aspiration (TTA) Fig 3-2 pg 129, TTA is performed (by a physician) for the, If sputum specimen cannot be expectorated, If routine sputum samples have failed to recover, the skin over the larynx is anesthetized and, A large bore needle is inserted into the larynx, A polyethylene catheter is passed through the, Bronchoscopy is an alternative to transtracheal, A fiberoptic bronchoscope is inserted through he, This allows the attending physician to visualize, A protected bronchial brush can be inserted, The brush can be uncovered temporally and be used, The cover is then put back over the brush and, Fluid can be injected into the bronchi and lungs, Unlike bronchial brushes, bronchial washings are, A bronchoscope can be threaded deep into the, BAL is considered by many to be the method of. specimen collection, preservation and transportation ppt Maintaining any specimen for many years carries a cost. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Collect the specimen during the early phase of the disease and as far as possible before the administration of antimicrobial agents. The swab should not touch the tongue, lips, Two or more swabs are collected if serology, It is always best to transport swabs and other. It increases by an average of 3% for 10% underfilling and 10% for a 20% underfilling. Clinical staff Urine collection. PowerPoint PPT presentation, Bacterial and Viral Specimen Collection Market, - Bacterial and Viral Specimen Collection Market, | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view, The bacterial and viral specimen collection market was estimated at USD 13.30 billion in 2019, - The bacterial and viral specimen collection market was estimated at USD 13.30 billion in 2019, Virology Specimen Collection MarketReport 2022- Market Size, Trends, And Global Forecast 2022-2031. Collect a specimen by passing a sterile cotton wool swab, attached to a pent piece of thin wire, through the floor of the nasal cavity as far as the nasopharynx. An exception to this rule, throat swabs for S. Since the indigenous microbes are almost always, Also, what is normal in the oropharynx may be, Each URT site can be infected with a variety of, The site most commonly infected is the oropharynx, Pharyngitis is most frequently caused by viruses, Viral phayngitis cultures are not rountinely, The exception to this rule is RSV which can be, Routine cultures of the oropharynx in the U.S.A, S. pyogenes pharyngitis is frequently associated, S. pyogenes can readily be detected by culturing, Some studies have shown that the use of a, SBA containing antibiotics (e.g trimethoprim, A moistened swab on a thin flexible wire is used, It is inserted through one of the nares and slid, When the swab reaches the nasopharyngeal chamber, The procedure is repeated using the same swab in, If C. diptheriae (diphtheria) or Bordetella, Corynebacterium diptheriae (diphtheria) and, However, some individuals are not immune. Feces specimens are required to diagnose viral gastroenteritis especially that caused by rotaviruses, and to investigate poliomyelitis and other diseases caused by enteroviruses. Proper patient identification MANDATORY. Blood for antibody testing should be collected as early in the disease as possible and also 5- 10 days later. The type of specimen, the appropriate time to obtain the sample, the way of sampling, the storage and transport are critical points in the diagnostic process. Factor s Assay) There are certain tests performed after administration of drugs / substances such as: glucose tolerance tests (GTT) performed after glucose administration or dynamic tests (of stimulation or inhibition) for different hormones ( e.g. Date and time of collection. Once a sample has been collected, the device should be sealed according to the manufacturer's instructions. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 6325 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 45 Provided by: UCCB Category: Tags: collection | specimen less ] /t)h.M{yD)b {>$9; H;/&^:tHtn _w collecting liquid specimens in a needle and syringe 10 General guidelines Prompt processing is important The quicker the specimen is processed the better Pathogens may die in transit thus leading to false negative results (ideally specimens for culture should arrive in the lab within 30 minutes of collection) Global Specimen Containers Market Outlook 2021. (ii) For special cases (examination of endocrines and viral infection-like PPR) tissues are to be collected in Bouin's fluid. Critically timed specimens (e.g. - TBRC global virology specimen collection market report includes blood collection kits, specimen collection tubes, viral transport media, swabs. Template SPECIMEN multiple methods (routine diagnostic, serology, bacteremia is sometimes transient growth may, unless multiple samples are collected, it is, Sufficient quantity of specimen is required, Swabs, due to the small volume collected and the, The quicker the specimen is processed the better, Pathogens may die in transit thus leading to, If transport is delayed, a transport medium, a reducing agent such as thioglycolate can be, CO2 can be included to support viability of, Charcoal, gelatin, or corn starch can be included, Buffered glycerol is sometimes used to transport, Boric acid will preserve urine specimens for, Refrigerated urine for culture can be kept up to, Some microbes do not survive well even in, Neisseria gonorrhoeae lose viability genital, If swabs must be used the following guidelines, Cotton may contain toxins to fastidious pathogens, Calcium alginate inhibits Chlamydia and other, Dacron (polyester) is the best all-around, The upper respiratory tract (URT) includes the, The oral cavity, oropharynx nasopharynx, are, The eustachian tube, middle ear, and the nasal, The principle of collecting a throat specimen is, A tongue blade should be used to press down on, The throat should be visualized using good, Areas in the posterior pharynx that appear, The tonsilar fossae and the extreme posterior.