conversations of huge numbers of social actors, from the Twitter messages of experts we have, never met to ones familys blog and from mes-, saging a barely acquainted Facebook friend to, coordinating with ones spouse through texting, about who will pick up the kids that day or say-, ing via e-mail that one is sorry about the fight, they had that morning. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 03/08/2022. To this point, we need to explore the theory of relational dialectics which is an interpersonal communication philosophy that delineates the personal connections and relationships focused on tension, struggle, and an interchange of conflicting predispositions (Griffin, 2015). Computer-mediated communication (CMC) refers to communication between humans via digital tools. But what is discerning here is that the social penetration theory suggests that all developing relationships have unique triggers that can influence a reversal of social penetration or what is referred to as depenetration (Busch, 2015). Any of these approaches provide glimpses systems that differ from face-to-face communi- into the changing landscape of interpersonal cation. Computer - mediated Communication (CMC) is a significant part of our daily lives through the routine of verbal or non-verbal messages. For example, a person who is blind or has a disability that makes reading difficult can use text-to-speech software to read aloud text presented on a computer screen. Epub 2011 Sep 22. They are involved in the subtle shaping of communication in almost every relational context. Online communication among adolescents: an integrated model of its attraction, opportunities, and risks. 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Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. The next is that online communications, at times, require an extended time for influencing the formation of an impression and building a relationship that can be more quickly achieved through the discourse in a physical environment. Commonly referred to as self-disclosure, this is defined as the intended offering of personal backstory, particularities, beliefs, values, confidences, and more with another personcategorized as ones transparency (Griffin, 2015). On the other hand, if youre engaging in a conversation with your best friend via text messaging, you may forget about the technology and just view the interaction as a common one you have with your friend. Social attraction in video-mediated communication: The role of nonverbal affiliative behavior. For this exercise, find a research study conducted in the previous five years that examines gratifications theory as related to CMC. As media becomes richer and has more nonverbal content, the easier it is for a receiver to interpret the message accurately, which can, in turn, lead to more successful social interactions online. Compare and contrast social presence theory, media richness theory, and social information processing theory and their explanation of the importance of nonverbal communication in CMC relationships. Nourishing interpersonal relationships requires the investment of reciprocal self-disclosure; some afforded physically, others intellectually, emotionally, and most through shared activities. What was different about this relationship when compared to FtF relationships? Posttest measures revealed that the CMC participants receiving disclosures experienced greater inti- macy than . Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. It was suggested that the greater the reward (calculated by benefits minus costs), the more divulging that person will be. Hurst, & Strejc, 1991; Tong & Walther, 2011). The third major theory that has been applied to CMC is media richness theory. From this vantage point, recognizing that impersonal communication is sometimes advantageous, strategies for the intentional depersonalization of media use are inferred, with implications for Group Decision Support Systems effects. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted At its core exists the most safeguarded of all vulnerable convictions which are sustained as the concept of self (Griffin, 2015). How did this hyperpersonal relationship develop? Most of the early work in computer-mediated communication from a theoretical perspective was conducted using mediated-communication theories that have been developed to discuss the differences between print, radio, and television, and applying them to the Internet. More specifically, Joseph Walther of the University of California, Santa Barbara, authored the social information processing theory (SIP) to learn how online interactions can develop relationships between people and groups that can lead to valuable and meaningful connections (Griffin, 2015). One such cause for pause highlights my mention regarding the monetization of perceived rewards (outcomes) and the attributed costs during the reciprocal transfer of information, also known as the social exchange. However, the social penetration theory is offered with a limited scope that focuses predominantly on the early phases of a relationship but does little to unveil relationships between co-workers, neighbors, and acquaintances. Describe uses and gratifications theory and how it helps us understand CMC behavior. Principally, this is a framework of ideas, although not entirely proven but established through the methodical approach of observation, data correlation, and interpretation while guided by scholarly knowledge. The book examines subjects that attract intense student interest - including online performance of gender, online dating, and using computer-mediated communication to achieve family/work life balance - and will inspire further research and course development in the area of computer-mediated communication in personal relationships. This chapter highlights the role of communication media in language classes with a focus . This may involve immediacy (live or so-called real time). When it comes to CMC, various technologies will elicit varying degrees of perceptions of presence from people. I will use the model to explore the extent to which CS-C . For the most part, SIP focuses its theory on how online communications directly impacts the fostering of interpersonal relationships through distinct phases. , or a mediated form of communication in which the sender and receiver are not concurrently engaged in communication. Year: 2011 Computer-mediated communication (CMC) systems, in a variety of forms, have become integral to the initiation, development , and maintenance of interpersonal relationships. This self-disclosure is both mutual, and more evident earlier in the relationship; as more is shared or revealed between people, the degree of trust and confidence is augmentedalmost similar to bartering. The concept of a contradiction in relational dialectics offers the notion that extreme differences are displayed with characteristics of its opposite. The second looks at certainty and uncertainty which provide the commitment between people to ensure comfort and harmony; but contrary to this, such predictability can also cause a relationship to wane in the absence of surprises. The model posits that technology is more effective and positively accepted when used by a competent individual [42]. The last is connectedness and separateness emphasizing the need for both a mental and physical bond as well as an equal and opposite necessity for separation to preclude the obscuring of one or both identities resulting from blending. Additionally, the social penetration theory is used throughout society with an in-depth focus on studying how electronic interactions, predominantly through social media, are cultivated. In addition to the basis of the social penetration theory, Altman and Dalmas described the functionality behind how ones personality structure is exposed. Epub 2020 Oct 19. With this said, people harness the ability to discover creative methods for supplanting nonverbal information to communicate meaning. Some reflect views from the position of psychology and sociology while others deliberate from the mechanical, systemic, and critical considerations regarding the exchange of discourse. In turn, participants inside the social community of virtually exchanging communications have, over time, gradually developed the cohesiveness of interpersonal connections that have been as effective as those created in the physical world of face-to-face communications. Whether it be robust sites such as Facebook or the less intricate apparatus of Twitter, the gamut of communication podiums share one paramount thing in commonthe creation and dissemination of information across both open public and closed virtual conversations, forums, posts, and more. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. (Relationship Development) #26-27 (Relationship Maintenance & Termination) #28-31 (Computer Mediated Communication) Questions 32-42 are . The role of electronic mail (e-mail) interaction in producing a positive group feeling and closer personal relationships is also examined. In fact, it is often hard to distinguish between whether someone is talking about social interaction, immediacy, intimacy, emotion, and/or connectedness when they talk about social presence. The first part of our journey focuses on the work of Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor and their social penetration theory described as a process of establishing a stronger closeness between people through disclosure and transparency of personal information. During the process of social penetration. However, we would be remiss if we did not entertain any criticisms for the validity of this thread. Examining messages exchanged via email, Twitter, Facebook, websites, This investigation examined how computer-mediated communication (CMC) partners exchange personal information in initial interactions, focusing on the effects of communication channels on, View 5 excerpts, references background and results, This research explores a sequence of effects pertaining to the influence of relational goals on online information seeking, the use of information and arguments as relational management strategies in, Accurate personality judgments are important for successful interpersonal interactions. In the examination of this intellection in regard to the study of interpersonal relationships, we will explore three theories of communication that share an underlying connecting thread along with their application to real world social environments. And although such tension can be managed through addressing each others needs to spice up their lives, acceptance of the new status quo will result in deterioration which can lead to a breakup. Phone: 212-377-2700. Eighty-one cross-sex dyads were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: text-only CMC, visual CMC, and face-to-face communication. These theories investigate similar themes of why people build relationships; for some, it is based on similarities while others are looking for social exchange. It also offers little in describing the dynamics of established relationships such as lifelong friends and family relatives enjoying scores of years together. Photograph use on social network sites among South Korean college students: the role of public and private self-consciousness. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025085. Individuals exploit the, features of these media to make their best impres-, sion and attract attention or to ward off unde-, sired contacts (Tong & Walther, in press). The development of computers and assistive technology makes electronic communication possible for all individuals, regardless of disability. With such a variety of communication components available, it can be very easy to unintentionally harvest a negative perception resulting in the deficient interpretation of the recipient which leads to our final theory. And how do we manage these relationships? This speaks to insufficient indoctrination during information delivery and processing. 12: Interpersonal Communication in Mediated Contexts, Book: Interpersonal Communication - A Mindful Approach to Relationships (Wrench et al. How does the Internet affect the likeli-, hood of having relationships? Using social media as an online learning media tool will indeed provide additional, more flexible free time to explore more about the reliability of learning mastery. Social Information Processing Theory. Perceived Costs versus Actual Benefits of Demographic Self-Disclosure in Online Support Groups. Altman And Taylor: Social Penetration Theory. Odyssey, Odyssey Media Group, 23 November 2015, https://www.theodysseyonline.com/altman-taylor-social-penetration-theory. . Communication Research, 33(2), 1-26. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Communication Theory I & II 2. Results are discussed in light of uncertainty reduction theory and CMC theories. 2019 Apr;36(4):1210-1232. doi: 10.1177/0265407518757382. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. and transmitted securely. Finally, new theoretical ideas are mentioned that address the utility of different media over the progression of usage sequences or relational stages or compare Totality is achieved when such opposites meld to seek a balance in the relationship. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) systems, in a variety of forms, have become integral to the initiation, development, and maintenance of interpersonal relationships. As such, Lengel argued that media escalates in richness in the following order: computer output, formal memos, personal memos, telephone conversations, and FtF interactions. This paper explores the applicability of Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory to the context of computer-mediated communication. Building a foundational understanding of CMC theories, such as CFO, SIP, SIDE, and hyperpersonal . Based on COR (conservation of resources) theory, the present study proposes an integrative model of work engagement pathway to organizational socialization. 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