The city is home to a number of large sports venues, including the 43,000-seat Vasil Levski National Stadium which hosts international football matches, as well as Balgarska Armia Stadium, Georgi Asparuhov Stadium and Lokomotiv Stadium, the main venues for outdoor musical concerts. Akademai Klado, 1966. With its developing infrastructure and strategic location, Sofia is a major hub for international railway and automobile transport. "[A]reas in which jails tend to be deficient, suggesting the need for new or revised forms of NIC assistance" are identified (p.2). This web site uses cookies. [182] Supported by the city's R&D expertise, Sofia is shifting to high value-added manufacturing including electrical equipment, precision mechanics, pharmaceuticals. [51] The warmest year on record was 2019 with an annual temperature of 11.9C (53F).[52]. Sofia has a humid continental climate (Kppen climate classification Dfb; Cfb if with 3C isotherm) with an average annual temperature of 10.9C (51.6F). Several smaller parks, among which the Vazrazhdane Park, Zaimov Park, City Garden and the Doctors' Garden, are located in central Sofia. In 1945, the communist Fatherland Front took power. The neolithic village in Slatina dating to the 5th6th millennium BC is documented. [190], Public transport is well-developed with bus (2,380km (1,479mi)),[191] tram (308km (191mi))[192] and trolleybus (193km (120mi))[193] lines running in all areas of the city. ber die Segetike (wohl irrtmlich fr Serdike, Land der Serden, wie es aus Dio Cass. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of "religio licita", a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire. - . Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. The common head of Sofia Municipality and all the 38 settlements is the mayor of Sofia. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. The city has an extensive green belt. Nu Image acquired the studios to upgrade them into Nu Boyana Film Studios, used to shoot scenes for a number of action movies like The Expendables 2, Rambo: Last Blood and London Has Fallen.[147][148]. A large number of sports clubs are based in the city. Mount Vitosha borders on the Vitosha Natural Park, which is the oldest nature reserve on the Balkan Peninsula. NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1998. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . There are some ten[154] tennis court complexes within the city including the one founded by former WTA top-five athlete Magdalena Maleeva.[155]. "[102], From the 14th century till the 19th century Sofia was an important administrative center in the Ottoman Empire. By the time of its liberation the population of the city was 11,649. Regular performances began in 1909. ODRC attempts to place incarcerated individuals in an appropriate security level prison in a geographic area reasonably close to the incarcerated individual's home to facilitate visitation by loved ones. By clicking Allow All, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation. In Sofia there are 607,473 dwellings and 101,696 buildings. We provide training for jail inspectors, a peer-training network for chief jail inspectors, information resources on standards and inspection, and related technical assistance. The extension of the underground system is hoped to alleviate the city's immense traffic problems. [23] It was Europe's most affordable capital to visit in 2013. [79], In 339 BC Philip II of Macedon destroyed and ravaged the town for the first time. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. There are 221 general, 11 special and seven arts or sports schools, 56 vocational gymnasiums and colleges, and four independent colleges. Sofia has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power (CHP) plants and boiler stations. Ivanova, Svetlana, "ofya", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. September 13, 2022 Board of Supervisors Meeting: Consider recommendations relating to the Inmate Tracking System. When the Romanian Army entered Vrazhdebna in 1913, then a village 11 kilometres (7 miles) from Sofia, now a suburb,[113] this prompted the Tsardom of Bulgaria to capitulate. One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. [75] Particulates are now largely measured by a network of 300 sensors maintained by volunteers since 2017. Serdica Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Serdica. These include the 4th century Rotunda of St. George, the walls of the Serdica fortress and the partially preserved Amphitheatre of Serdica. The city was also an applicant for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but was not selected as candidate. The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. Since the 18th century the beylerbeys of Rumelia often stayed in Bitola, which became the official capital of the province in 1826. In 1870 the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski established a revolutionary committee in the city and in the neighbouring villages. The people with juridical status divorced or widowed are either part of the factual singles or those having another type of partnership, each of the two constitutes by around 10% of the population aged over 20. The city is a preferred destination for international congresses, and there are a great many halls and centers offering possibilities for every need. [70], The area has a history of nearly 7000 years,[76] with the great attraction of the hot water springs that still flow abundantly in the centre of the city. [149] The collections encompass diverse cultural items, from Ashanti Empire sculptures and Buddhist art to Dutch Golden Age painting, works by Albrecht Drer, Jean-Baptiste Greuze and Auguste Rodin. [132], Under Bulgaria's centralised political system, Sofia concentrates much of the political and financial resources of the country. There were 3,162 theatric performances with 570,568 people attending in 2014. Very close to Saint Sofia is The Memorial Church Saint Alexander Nevsky, now one of the citys most recognizable symbols. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. Basketball and volleyball also have strong traditions in Sofia. [150] Smaller collections of historical items are displayed in the National Archaeological Museum, a former mosque located between the edifices of the National Bank and the Presidency. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport, and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar, where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.[42]. Not far from the mosque is a synagogue, which houses a museum. Popov, Dimitar (ed.). ", National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria, "Sofia Council - 2019-2023", ":: 27 2019", "The party of Kuneva overcomes the falsified ballots with machines", "Escaped from Arena Armeets tell about the nightmare", "The head of the electoral commission in Sofia is resigning at the request of Borissov", " :: 2015", " ? According to the 2011 census, people aged 2024 years are the most numerous group, numbering 133,170 individuals and accounting for 11% of the total 1,202,761 people. [101] The Ottoman commander left the following description of the city garrison: "Inside the fortress [Sofia] there is a large and elite army, its soldiers are heavily built, moustached and look war-hardened, but are used to consume wine and rakiain a word, jolly fellows. The Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site, contains realistic frescoes, depicting more than 240 human images and a total 89 scenes, were painted. 151156. Cyril and Methodius National Library are located in Sofia. In the 3rd century, it became the capital of Dacia Aureliana,[88] and when Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia Aureliana into Dacia Ripensis (at the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. The parks are equipped with safe, modern, playground equipment, and there are both childrens playgrounds and indoor recreational facilities for children. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. Limes. The authors examine issues related to classification of female jail inmates by profiling the female inmate population and discussing problems associated with using a single classification system for both male and female inmates or a gender-neutral system. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.[18][19]. US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia, Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria, " | ", "Archaeologist Discovers 8,000-Year-Old Nephrite 'Frog-like' Swastika in Slatina Neolithic Settlement in Bulgaria's Capital Sofia Archaeology in Bulgaria", "CITIES AND THEIR URBANISED AREAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA", "Nsi National Register of Populated Places ", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "Triangle of Religious Tolerance (1903) iCulturalDiplomacy", "10 Things We Can all Learn from Bulgaria's Square of Religious Tolerance", "Sofia is one of the top 10 places for start-up businesses in the world, Bulgarian National TV", "Is Europe's most affordable capital worth the trip? [122] Districts and settlements have their own governor who is elected in a popular election. A third line was opened in August of 2020 and re-organisation of the previous lines lead to a 4th line being created. Incarcerated individual behavior at Level 1 is expected to be rule compliant and pro-social and Level 1 individuals are eligible for admission to Reintegration Units. It is the policy of the ODRC to maintain a classification level system that creates a process for the classification of individuals according to their security risk. 78", " - 01.1887 - 12.2007", "Weather Sofia Monthly Weather History- freemeteo.bg", ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/BU/15614.TXT, "Weather Sofia Daily Weather History| freemeteo.bg", "Sofia, Bulgaria - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "Air pollution in Sofia, other Bulgarian cities hugely exceeded norms several times this winter", "Bulgaria's Air Is Dirtiest in Europe, Study Finds, Followed by Poland", "Bulgaria: Bad air quality in Sofia on January 6 2018", "Sofia Municipal Council Adopted Measures to Tackle Air Pollution", "Brussels: Sofia has no projects targeting air pollution standartnews.com", "Odrysian Kingdom - the first country on the Balkans", " 24.04.2016 9:331205 ", "Dio, Roman History, Book 51, chapter 25", "Trakiia 12 41- "Da diese mit ihrem blinden Knig Siras verbndete der Rmer waren ergab dies den Vorwand fr den Kriegszug von Crassus. [116] Sofia's architecture combines a wide range of architectural styles, some of which are aesthetically incompatible. Out of 464,865 homes 432,847 have connection to the communal sanitary sewer, while 2,732 do not have any. [25], The population of Sofia declined from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878, after which it began increasing. It occupies an area of 3,170 square metres (34,122 square feet) and can hold 10,000 people. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. The city is located at a strategic crossroads. Regional Member Sofia", "Shared Electric Vehicles Spark in Sofia Increase by 170", "Fines for bad repair work 'Dnevnik' newspaper", " - ", "Official website of the Sofia university History", "Sofia University aims to attract more foreign students", "Bulgaria's Nuclear Institute: New Cyclotron To Become Operational in 2 Years", ". . [99] Several of the city's governors were members of the Bulgarian imperial family and held the title of sebastokrator, the second highest at the time, after the tsar. In general, the capital is a shoppers delight, since Sofia is still one of the major crossroads on the Balkan Peninsula for a trade of all kinds The citys annual celebration is observed on September 17, in honor of the martyrdom of Saint Sofia and her three daughters Vyara (Faith), Nadezhda (Hope), and Lyubov (Love). Serdica's citizens of Thracian descent were referred to as Illyrians[80] probably because it was at some time the capital of Eastern Illyria (Second Illyria).[89]. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. There are different boulevards and streets in the city with a higher amount of traffic than others. These are among the most sought-after secondary schools, along with Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School and the High School of Mathematics, which topped the 2018 preference list for high school candidates. Sofia Municipality is identical to Sofia City Province, which is distinct from Sofia Province, which surrounds but does not include the capital itself. Increasing are frauds, drug-related crimes, petty theft and vandalism. Historically, after World War II and the era of industrialisation under socialism, the city and its surrounding areas expanded rapidly and became the most heavily industrialised region of the country, with numerous factories producing steel, pig iron, machinery, industrial equipment, electronics, trams, chemicals, textiles, food. Accurately classifying incarcerated individuals and placing them in institutions consistent with their security classification is a means of protecting the public, ensuring staff and incarcerated individual safety, and achieving the ODRC's rehabilitative goals. Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. [215] Rakovski Defence and Staff College, the National Academy of Arts, the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, the University of National and World Economy and the University of Mining and Geology are other major higher education establishments in the city. The Thracians, Iztok Zapad, Sofia, 2011. There are ten spa centers within the capitals city limits offering peace and relaxation, along with therapeutic and beauty treatments. Thus, Sofia became the first capital on the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.[114]. The National History Museum, located in Boyana, it has a vast collection of more than 650,000 historical items dating from Prehistory to the modern era, although only 10,000 of them are permanently displayed due to the lack of space. Gradually, a compromise arose, officialisation of Sofia for the nationwide institutions, while legitimating the title Sredets for the administrative and church institutions, before the latter was abandoned through the years.[39]. Individuals tend to receive greater autonomy and freedom of movement during the day so as to encourage pro-social behavior and programming as part of the 3-Tier prison system. Lines 5 and 13 are shorter and provide connections to Kulata and Bankya, respectively. Three of the ten Pan-European Transport Corridors cross the city: IV, VIII and X. [158] Nearly all of these were constructed as competition venues and therefore have seating facilities for several hundred people. Ancient Gold: The Wealth of the Thracians. The highest recorded temperature is 41C (106F) (5 July 2000 and 24 July 2007). The assembly members are chosen every four years. The citys flourished for a second time under Justinian the Great (reign 527-565). Sofia is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Bulgaria alongside coastal and mountain resorts. [68] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants. Serdica was a significant city on the Roman road Via Militaris, connecting Singidunum and Byzantium. Kliment Ohridski, Tel. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on the design and operation of direct supervision jails and on key elements in managing inmate behavior in all types of jails. Multinationals with major research, development, innovation and engineering centers in Sofia include the second largest global IT center of Coca-Cola,[175] Ubisoft,[176] Hewlett-Packard,[177] VMware,[178] Robert Bosch GmbH,[179] Financial Times,[180] Experian, etc. Sofia is a regional IT hub, ranking second among the Top 10 fastest growing tech centers in Europe in terms of annual growth of active members. The museum has one of the largest collections anywhere, with over 700,000 items of cultural importance. Inmates incarcerated in the ADOC will be classified into groups by security level, custody, and program needs as defined in the ADOC Classification Manual. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. Many Bulgarian residents of Sofia armed themselves and sided with the Russian forces. Consulted online on 23 January 2018. Overall, Sofia has 186km (116 miles) of railway lines. A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city. Sofia was selected as the capital of the Third Bulgarian State in the next year, ushering a period of intense demographic and economic growth. [101] Additionally, there were fountains and hammams (bathhouses). Close to the museum is the Boyana Church, one of the Bulgarian monuments that are listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites. For more information about the park, please contact the Vitosha Nature Preservation Information Center, located roughly 1 km from the Dragolevtsi Quarter, close to the Dragolevtsi Monastery. [81] The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting Astiu ton Serdon, i.e. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Sofia's development as a significant settlement owes much to its central position in the Balkans. Winters are relatively cold and snowy. On the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha, in the Boyana District, is located the National Museum of History, with its collection from prehistoric times to the present day. The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. Inmate Inquiry. Sofia was declared the national capital in 1879. [168] The total nominal GDP in 2018 was 38.5billion leva ($22.4billion), or 33,437 leva ($19,454) per capita,[169][170] and average monthly wages in March 2020 were $1,071, the highest nationally. The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. There are many more capitals in the city, such as the Polytechnical Museum, the Museum of Anthropology, and the Sports Museum. [189], Sofia Airport handled 7,107,096 passengers in 2019. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. The Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, where Dimitrov's body had been preserved in a similar way to the Lenin mausoleum, was demolished in 1999. OJC systems use locally developed and validated instruments, one at intake and another after a period of confinement, that identify the level of risk and needs presented by an inmate so that appropriate housing and program assignments can be made. Prison Classification News Inmate Imprisoned for Assault, Weapons Counts on the Run Thursday, January 9, 2020 LINCOLN, Neb. Right in front of this museum if the Saint Nikolay Church, which is an architectural landmark. They can be considered as a single complex, and played an important role in preserving the Bulgarian spiritual heritage during the centuries of Ottoman occupation. On his way to Constantinople, Basil II was ambushed and soundly defeated by the Bulgarians in the battle of the Gates of Trajan. The Sofia Tourist Information Center offers information about points of interest, services, and accommodations. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Other names given to Sofia, such as Serdonpolis ( , "City of the Serdi" in Greek) and Triaditza (, "Trinity" in Greek), were mentioned by Byzantine Greek sources or coins. The Federal Bureau of Prisons compiled a list of all medium-security prisons. A refurbishment project is due to be completed in mid-2019,[131] while the old National Assembly building will become a museum or will only host ceremonial political events. [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. These include Tsarigradsko shose, Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria, Slivnitsa and Todor Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the city's ring road. The President, along with the Council of Ministers, is located on Independence Square, also known as The Largo or The Triangle of Power. "Guttenberg". During the 1970s and the 1980s multiple ski slopes of varying difficulty were made available. Iztok Zapad, 2005. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980 (. Roman emperors Aurelian (215275)[90] and Galerius (260311)[91] were born in Serdica. [69][70] As a result, air pollution levels in Sofia are some of the highest in Europe. The population of Sofia expanded rapidly due to migration from rural regions. These services are conducted under five initiatives. Sofia and the immediate vicinity also boast a great many spa complexes. [21] This triangle was recently expanded to a "square" and includes the Catholic Cathedral of St Joseph. [8], For a long time the city possessed[29] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: .mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek",Athena,"EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre",Cardo,"Gentium Plus",Gentium,Garamond,"Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande",Code2000,sans-serif} Serdik, or Sardik; Latin: .mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian,[16][18] Celtic,[30] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. Still standing are the Dragalevski, Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and Osenovlashki Monasteries, among others. Plovdiv remained the most populous Bulgarian town until 1892 when Sofia took the lead. There are 16 industrial and logistics parks in Sofia, some sprawling to towns in neighbouring Sofia Province, such as Bozhurishte, Kostinbrod and Elin Pelin. Among the architects invited to work in Bulgaria were Friedrich Grnanger, Adolf Vclav Kol, and Viktor Rumpelmayer, who designed the most important public buildings needed by the newly re-established Bulgarian government, as well as numerous houses for the country's elite.
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