As the watches themselves mature along with the vintage watch market, collectors (and us here at HODINKEE) are increasingly looking to the post-quartz crisis era of watchmaking in order to find references that are new, fresh, and surprising. For 99% of buyers, I guess not. The same case dimensions are adopted, a rather svelte one for 2021, at only 38mm in diameter. You have 3 scales on the dial: But this slightly larger and more modern take on the El Primero wasnt meant to be a replacement. The name A386 will certainly resonate in the mind of vintage watch lovers as one of the most emblematic models ever to be produced by the Le Locle-based manufacture. Do I have any reservations? And being someone with a passion for historical watches but also a deep interest in mechanical innovation, I can say that this recipe was, on paper, the promise of a great meal. Price CHF8,400. Some call it sweater weather, others call it football weather, we prefer to think of it as vintage weather. The 38 mm round steel case is nearly identical to the original A386 with almost no bezel, raised and domed sapphire crystal, pump-style chronograph pushers and faceted lugs. I bought a watch; the search was fast, and I received the watch fast and secured. Have a question? Omega sent their Speedmaster to the moon during the Apollo 11 Mission and Project 99 / Chronomatic Consortium (including Heuer, Breitling, Hamilton, and Dubois Dpraz) released the Caliber 11 as their automatic chronograph movement. Advertising Message Watch Brand Zenith Tags 2021 New Releases, Zenith El Primero A tachymetric scale wont work with the 3600 movement because the chrono hand laps the dial in 10 seconds instead of 60. With its thin casebands most of the height is absorbed by the crystal and the caseback and its compact dimensions, the new Chronomaster Original is just spot-on. The leather strap is on prestige condition with hardly any sign of wear. Earlier this year, however, Zenith discontinued this model, leaving space only for the Chronomaster Sport and its more modern approach to the El Primero concept. Selling at ONLY $7875 included Fedex Overnight Shipping in US with Full Insured. I immediately wired the funds directly to Thanh/Takuya Watches, and I had tracking the next day! I know the original tri-color is classic, but I really like the black and white dial. The case is nicely executed, as you would expect from Zenith, and features sapphire crystals front and caseback. They were the preeminent bracelet-maker to the Swiss watchmakers, including Patek Philippe, Rolex, Universal Genve, and Vacheron Constantin, to name a few. I cant stomach it. I agree to my personal data being stored and used to receive the newsletter or other updates about Monochrome Watches. The differences are here, though. Visit Zenith for more information on the Zenith Chronomaster Original models. Original by name,original by substance. So, just imagine that Zenith pulled the plug forever after a few short years and around 4,500 watches. Zenith. The gold version only comes on a leather strap at this stage. Depending on your anatomy, the watch actually perches a bit on the wrist. Just completed a purchase with Thanh and he has my highest recommendation. Complete Packages/Set (Double Boxes, Hangtag, Travel Box), & Complete Manual/Papers with Zenith Warranty Card has Zenith USA ADs Name Printed & Dated on 12.2021. Just picked up the watch from fedex today, immediately went and had it sized by a Rolex AD, and even they were impressed with not only having a brand new watch/full set available, but also at how fast I got it when people are having to put hefty deposits down with ADs and wait a year or more for a new YG Day Date. Visible through the sapphire display back, the updated architecture reveals the blue column wheel and the open rotor marked with the five-pointed star Zenith, a recurring element that can be found also on the dial, the crown, and the buckle. More a casual watch than a true sports watch, water-resistance is rated at 50 metres, which is enough for most conditions. The historical connection continues with the fonts and logos, as well as the hours/minutes hands that are executed in white with black and lume inserts. However, I do enjoy timing my flights or drives on occasion. The new Zenith El Primero Chronomaster Original series offers perhaps the most compelling addition to the collection thus far, delivering the most iconic El Primero design in a faithful 38mm rendition along with a pair of charismatic reimaginings while boasting the brands modern movement-making prowess. Our weekly digest in your inbox. Thanks to its diameter and ergonomically-shaped lugs, the watch sits nicely on wrists of any size (the wrist in our pictures is 18cm / 7in) on either its calfskin leather strap with triple folding clasp or the redesigned steel bracelet with more contemporary solid links and a double folding clasp. The Chronomaster Original is not only about proportions, its also about the shapes. This very watch was, however, discontinued when the attractive Chronomaster Sport was introduced earlier this year. But unfortunately, oftentimes, they are put in the backseat. What We Love Watch Brand Zenith Tags Chronograph Watches, Watch Releases 2021 At 38mm in diameter, its case might be a bit on the small side for a modern watch, and it will probably discourage a few potential enthusiasts for those, look at the Sport. Hands-on review of the Zenith Chronomaster Original El Primero. It builds upon familiar traits of the Chronomaster Original, which in turn heavily resembles the original Zenith A386 El Primero from 1969. Timeless watchmaking meets modern engineering. United States of America, Dmytro Tkachenko 07/09/2021 | By Robin Nooy | 3 min read . Plus, in steel (shown above on the right) and with the original dial colors, only 50 were made as part of a three-watch set for CHF 50k. I would HIGHLY recommend Thanh and Takuya watches, and I assure you, you can transact with 100% FULL confidence, I promise you will NOT be sorry! 1133 and Autavia ref. Many collectors start their watch collection with a Submariner, and after getting into the dirty details I have often seen collectors come back to more rare and uncommon versions of the Sub later in their collecting journey. Im not much of a dive watch guy. First of all, the central red hand doesnt rotate around the dial in 60 seconds but in 10 seconds, and it takes full advantage of the 5Hz technology by displaying, with the track on the white, angled flange, the 1/10th of a second substituting the tachymeter scale. This kills the design of an overall great watch to me. Is it a deal-breaker? 3019PHC, Original Vintage 1969 Special 40 anni limitato 27/500 pezzi, Seller information not publicly available. Pre-owned Zenith El Primero Original 1969. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The Zenith El Primero Chronomaster Original series sports a variety of strap options. Below are the team's picks but, as always, check out the full selection in the slideshow and in the Vintage Watches section of the Shop. As such, the caseband appears thinner than what the specification sheet indicates. 6002R-001 Sky Moon Tourbillo Patek Philippe - Ref. But it was only for a few months since Zeniths classic chronograph, now dubbed Chronomaster Original, is here to fill the gap. Due to the overall design, this is a watch that could look great in a lot of combinations. Still using the same base as the historic movement, it has been drastically updated to meet modern standards. 2021 Nominated Watches October 23, 2021 Zenith DreamHers Highlight Defy . What changes, though, is whats printed on these scales and inside the sub-dials. I think their payment and review systems create an environment which puts both the seller and the buyer at ease. While I love the look of vintage watches, Im not so much into wearing them. We really didnt know this was coming. @Alexis Thickness, as said in the specs at the end, is about 13mm, The Zenith Chronomaster Original, the Classic 38mm El Primero Revamped (Live Pics & Price), https://monochrome-watches.com/2021-zenith-chronomaster-original-38mm-el-primero-hands-on-review-price/, Hands-on: Zenith El Primero Range Rover (Specs, Photos and Price), Weekly Watch Photo: Zenith El Primero Striking 10th, Zenith El Primero Lightweight (Photos, specs and price), Zenith x Bamford Chronomaster El Primero Radar. Given its dimensions (37mm, just like its namesake), brown fum dial and ladder bracelet, it would be tough to tell the watch apart from the original at more than a foot or two away. As soon as your payment arrives, the seller will ship your item. Also faithful are the applied, faceted and rhodium-plated hour markers with SLN and the succession of white and black tracks on the periphery of the slightly gained silvery-white dial. Zenith Chronomaster Original - El Primero 3600 $ 9,000. Tudor Submariners are part of the 'if you know, you know' club. A closer look at those sub-registers on the Zenith Chronomaster Original reveals that they all count up to 60. The present silver/three-colour dial is available either on a blue leather strap or a stainless steel bracelet both with a folding clasp. Watches sold on Chrono24: 651 . If you suffer a covered loss, there's no deductible and no gimmicks. Learn how your comment data is processed. From the Moon landing to the Olympic games. I cant express how grateful I am at how easy, painless, and streamline the transaction was with Thanh. Lets see! Thank you so much uncle Takuyawatch, much appreciated! I am very happy to say Thanh (Takuya watches) is an excellent online source for high quality timepieces with all supporting documentation. The Zenith Chronomaster Original is now available from retailers, Zenith boutiques and the brands online boutique. Zenith Chronomaster Sport El Primero Steel Mens 41mm Watch B/P '21 03.3100.3600 $ 12,950 + $99 for shipping US Zenith Chronomaster Sport El Primero Chronomaster Sport 41mm Black Dial 2021 $ 8,500 Free shipping US Zenith El Primero 46MM 03.0526.4000 STAINLESS STEEL MEN'S WATCH $ 6,009 + $65 for shipping US Zenith El Primero Chronomaster All are revered, but one model stands above the rest. Run an automatic El Primero 4061 movement with 31 jewels, 50-hours power reserve, 30-minute chronograph, blue "open worked" dial with exposed . Not too shabby a year for the traditional watchmaking world. Cant wait to receive mine. Substituting the tachymeter scale on the outer circumference on the dial, a 1/10th of a second chronograph scale takes its place, allowing for the measurement and reading of elapsed time in precise fractions of a second. The other evolution concerns the indications found in the sub-dial. Free Shipping. As part of the inspection, the seller must provide proof of ownership in the form of two pictures of the watch set to specific times. This is where the concept of best of both worlds comes to life. NEW Compare. The bottom line is that it wont likely cause an issue, but its probably worth trying before buying. The raised box like crystal is also a nod to the one used in the late 1960s. I agree to my personal data being stored and used to receive the newsletter or other updates about Monochrome Watches. Weird, huh? All three models can be paired with a calfskin leather strap in a unique color navy blue for the silver dial stainless steel variant, saddle tan for the black dial version, and a rich tobacco brown for the rose gold model. Manufacture Manufacture. Well, you still are able to tell the current time down to the second with the chrono running. So it is with interest we see now that the new Chronomaster Original follows the same aesthetics as the A386 and the OG El Primero of 1969. Not found any post match with your request, STEP 2: Click the link on your social network, Can not copy the codes / texts, please press [CTRL]+[C] (or CMD+C with Mac) to copy. The 2021 Zenith Chronomaster Original is released as part of the permanent collection (not limited) and is available now at Zenith Boutiques, e-commerce and authorised retailers. For more information, please visit the brand's website. Zenith has also dropped the same watch in a rose gold case, and another dial option - an incredibly handsome reverse panda dial that's black with silver sub-registers. Zenith . Any early El Primero is special but the A386 we have here is the first El Primero (yes, translated as, the first the first). This specific watch, the A386, is not only highly collectable and sought-after, but it has also been a source of profound inspiration for Zenith over the years. Introducing Grand Seiko Is At It Again With A Pair Of Limited Releases To Celebrate The 25th Anniversary Of The Caliber 9S, Introducing The Vulcain Skindiver Nautique, Vintage Watches A 1960s LeGant Chronograph By Zenith, A 1971 Omega Seamaster 60, And Two 1970s Chronographs From Heuer, Staff Picks The $10k Challenge: Here's What We'd Buy Right Now, Photo Report We Went To Basketball Courts Around NYC And The Watches We Saw Surprised Us, Watches In The Wild An Amazonian Adventure With The Oris Wings Of Hope Limited Edition. Today, the Chronomaster Original adopts the same proportions and design as the Revival models but drastically updates its mechanics and changes its display. The timepiece arrived within 24 hours in perfect condition with no issues at all during the transaction. Like its stablemates the A384 and A385, the early A386 El Primero was evocatively tied to the iconic Gay Frres ladder bracelet and its distinctive look. Powered by a 5Hz movement that takes full advantage of the high-frequency, the Chronomaster Original now has a 1/10th of a second display with its central hand making one revolution every 10 seconds. By extending the scope of the Chronomaster Revival collection to include the El Primeros most enduring design and introducing the new El Primero 3600 movement into the more vintage-focused side of the brands chronograph stable, the new Zenith El Primero Chronomaster Original series delivers a bold and charismatic step forward in the reinvention of this historic line. + 73 Versand. This dial is available either in stainless steel or in 18k rose gold. And who can forget about the "Ladder" bracelet by none other than the prolific bracelet-maker Gay Frres. Your e-mail address (will not be published) *. The large teeth column-wheel controls the chronograph levers according to the impulses received (start and stop with the pusher at 2 o'clock, reset with the one at 4 o'clock) and contributes to more accurate and precise functionality noticeable through the smooth impulse when manipulating the pushers. 5374G Minute Repeater Perpet Review: Le Regulateur Louis Erard x Alain Silberst Breguet - Type XXI 3815 Orange and Green Limited E Omega - Aqua Terra Small Seconds, 2021 collection. 510.523, here, we see a drastic departure from that 1963 intent, although, it works so well. Zenith uses the recently introduced in-house El Primero 3600 automatic chronograph movement for all three models in the El Primero Chronomaster Original line. All three models in the Zenith El Primero Chronomaster Original line are available now through authorized dealers, with stainless steel models starting at $8,400, and the 18K rose gold variant carrying an MSRP of $19,100. A selection of watch trays, pouches, notebooks, and more, that will help you keep it together this year. The dial and its display are certainly where these watches show the deepest evolution. A3817 for me. Surprisingly, the design remains modern enough and does not feel outdated at all. I will buy from him again and you shouldnt hesitate to buy from Takuya either! Thickness is a reasonable 12.6mm, lug width is faithful to the original at 19mm and lug to lug is somewhere around 47mm. Same here. Thankfully, Zenith did just enough to differentiate. Any early El Primero is special but the A386 we have here is the first El Primero (yes, translated as, the first the first). The original models outer tachymeter ring becomes a 1/10 second scale for easy precise chronograph readings, and the contrasting inner ring transitions from a decimal hours scale to a decimal scale for use with the chronograph. Yet, the design was slightly altered with (subtle) updates and concessions to modernity. The new Chronomaster Original looks . A quick way to notice a USA rivet bracelet vs. a Swiss-made one is if you look at the types of rivets; the USA ones have open rivets and the Swiss have closed. Greece, Please provide the following listing code when communicating with our support team:DGO7T6, Ref. Never Worn. Ever. No joke, the @k_cha, Its Friday #watchfam and that means a new episode, The term resonance gets thrown around a bit, If you thought @Hublot was going to slide into 202, Chalcedony is the cryptocrystalline form of silico. Incredible Patek 5524G better than described. Theres the classic color combination in either steel or 18K rose gold. Your privacy: We will not store or use your details for any other purpose other than to correspond with you about this inquiry. With the new Chronomaster Original, Zenith is not only bringing back the design of the A386 in a non-limited steel version but it is going one step further by powering this model with an El Primero calibre offering 1/10th of a second precision and time measurement. The largest departure here is the functionality of the chronograph itself. - leptir kopa original Zenith nova i original narukvica s dodatno kupljenim half-linkovima za cca 18-19 cm zglob, - nova kruna - tuba i navojna osovina, kao i dijelovi mehanizma za prebacivanje datuma (skoro savreno tono u pono, bio je . Perhaps the modern-day collector might think about the Defy collection, but to me, there is nothing better than an El Primero A386. This A386 is the most iconic model in the trilogy introduced in 1969, the three watches created by Zenith to feature its newly developed and innovative movement, the El Primero calibre, regarded as one of the earliest automatic chronograph movements. Fratello On Air: Collection Spotlight MING, Gallet, Zenith, Angelus, And More! Zenith Introduces the El Primero A386 "One-Off" in Platinum To be sold for charity at Phillips. It isnt the first time that Zenith pays tribute to this watch. His prices are competitive and inventory is impressive. All Rights Reserved! As far as wearing, its a deceptive watch. The Zenith Chronomaster Original uses the caliber 3600 movement that debuted, in mass production form, on the Chronomaster Sport that was released earlier this year. Also, the Japanese were right there with Seiko's first automatic chronograph with the 6139 movement. Yes, some will complain about the way the registers overlap, but here again, I think this quirky design element contributes to the uniqueness of this model as well as its charm. As mentioned, this watch shares its movement with the sportier and larger Chronomaster Sport watches, meaning the in-house Calibre El Primero 3600. All the right dimensions are here and that means a 38mm stainless or rose gold case with 50 meters of water resistance and a domed, albeit sapphire, crystal. Is that true? Having a go-to summer watch is one thing but the cooler months allow for the watch box to be fully open, anything goes. Private sellers are not legally obligated to accept returns. The bezel has also been well-preserved with a nice, sharp bezel ring. A++++++++ experience! Zenith El Primero Original Stainless Steel / Black / Bracelet 03.3200.3600/21.M3200. Ljeto 2021. napravljen popravak svih kvarova/nesavrenosti i kompletan veliki servis kod Puzaka: . 2023 Monochrome, An online magazine dedicated to fine watches, Stay up to date with the latest post and updates. Just know that its a very different complication versus a Daytona or Speedmaster. That might be a way to fill the dial, but this is just information duplication / useless unless Im mistaken. After selecting the one I wanted, again only MINUTES later, I receive pictures of the actual brand new watch, and full set. But its not a watch for me. So much so that it became ubiquitous with the A386 and other El Primero models from the 1960s into the 1970s. Second, the sub-registers are different since youll find a classic small seconds counter (light grey), but also a 60-second register (blue) and a 60-minute register (dark grey). Two of the three variants render this classic form in stainless steel, while the third adds a layer of luxurious masculine warmth with 18k rose gold. $8,275. From afar they look like your typical Rolex Sub, but when you get closer instead of seeing that familiar crown, it says, well - Tudor, and has a Rose in this case. Do you feel that brisk air? So, a person walks into the local Omega AD or boutique. Mechanical prowess aside, the A386 also had a distinctive and colorful design that stood out among . The thickness is totally acceptable too, at 12.9mm. Although the three models in the Zenith El Primero Chronomaster Original series share two strikingly different dial colorways, the basic design is nearly identical to the 1969 A386. It has presence, comfort, a certain elegance and feels perfectly proportioned. Now, the time has come for its successor to pick up where it left off: the CHRONOMASTER Original. JP. 18K model: leather strap with pin buckle. If you are considering a watch, Takuya is an awesome online retailer to consider. While I would argue for hours on end that the golden age of vintage watch design and intrigue occurred more around the middle of the 20th century, there is no denying the "we need to do something special and different ASAP" attitude of the 1980s. My heart definitely belongs to either of the customary-colored models, but I am warming up to the black version. Active on Chrono24 since 2021. These little things make a huge difference in overall look and desirability. Terms & Conditions 196.0121 In Gold Plate, 1954 Rolex Time-Only Ref. The latest edition of our premium print journal. It will be priced at CHF 8,400 in steel with a leather strap, at CHF 8,900 in steel with a steel bracelet and CHF 18,900 in 18k gold with a leather strap. People love this watch. Here is the Zenith Chronomaster Original, the revamped 38mm El Primero and the successor to the A386 watch. In 1969, Zenith introduced its high beat (36,000vph) El Primero chronograph and put it into three distinct models. Just received a Rolex Wimbledon Datejust 41 yellow gold from Thanh aka Takuya watches. It's the OG of the El Primero - one of the first automatic chronographs (caliber 3019 PHC) running at a high-beat frequency of 36,000 vibrations per hour which debuted in 1969. Mechanically, the calibre 3600 is also a great evolution of the El Primero, making it more reliable, with more comfort due to the extended power reserve but also interesting thanks to the full use of the 5Hz frequency. What I think has escaped the attention of most people either because we rarely use the chronograph function or because we mostly focus on aesthetics is that there is no hour counter. From stainless-steel bracelets and sports watches like a Tudor Submariner to a suede leather strap and 50s chronograph from, say, Universal Genve, colder temps mean peak vintage wearing. Greubel Forsey eliminates animal leather from its Richard Mille - RM 60-01 Automatic Flyback Chronog Glashtte Original - Sixties Chronograph Annual Ed Jaquet Droz - Bird Repeater 300th Anniversary Edition. (There are some differences . I own the A386 at the top of this article and it is one of my favorite watches to pull out and view. If youre used to seeing a tachymeter scale on the periphery, look again and see 1/10 of a second scale. Click here. Check out all the deets here! The lugs are the real highlight here, wide a wide gradually tapering form and wedge-cut pointed tips that help to accentuate the sharpness of the form in images. The central chronograph hand - red or white depending on the version - sweeps around the inner scale, that displays 100 measurable time units, in 10 seconds. Skip. The design of the Zenith Chronomaster Original is directly modelled after the A386, with its round central case, its sharp faceted lugs, its bezel-less architecture, the classic pump-style pushers, a raised and domed sapphire crystal, and finally, a mix of radial-brushed surfaces and polished accents. Purchasing anything of value online is a leap of faith. Just click this link to complete the request. While this may be a more versatile look for the A386 design, in images this variant loses some of the unique charisma of the El Primero line and feels substantially more generic as a result. But the spirit of the A386 is still alive. How do I proceed? The A386 shown above contained gray and blue sub-registers that have since become a telltale Zenith sign. And we're just getting started. Taking full advantage of the 36,000 vibrations/hour regulation, it can display the 1/10th of a second precisely, but it has also been rendered more efficient, as the power reserve has been increased to 60 hours. As the brand explains: The black inner scale surrounding the dial of the A386, once used to calculate time spent working using a 1/100th of an hour time division system, finds a new purpose in the Chronomaster Original, with its 1/10th of a second chronograph hand (), totalling 100 measurable time units. AND I ALWAYS LOOKING to BUY MODERN WATCHES. Objectively, it is a great watch that most of our team considered a home run. For non-watch people, they may think it is a Canal Street special, but for those others in the know, they are probably going to get excited. In early 2021, however, Zenith discontinued this model, leaving space to the Chronomaster Sport first, and then to the watch that is the central topic of todays article, the Zenith Chronomaster Original. To me, the version you see here in this article is the one to choose but thats personal, of course. Zenith El Primero Original 1969 2021 model mint condition Pre-owned ( Very good ) | Year of production 2021 | No original box | Original papers $5,820 Excl. Just received my 3rd watch from him in 5 years and once again the piece was in awesome condition, communication was great and the shipping was super fast (next day by 9am). Zenith Model Chronomaster Original Dial White with multi-colored sub-registers or black with white sub-registers Case Material Stainless Steel or 18K Rose Gold Case Dimensions 38mm Diameter, 12.6mm Thickness, 19mm Lug Width, 47mm Lug to Lug Crystal Domed sapphire Case Back Screw-in with sapphire display back Movement But if you inspect the dial more closely you will notice a major difference: the distinctive tri-colour chronograph registers in shades of grey and blue, the trapezoid date window at 04:30 and the central chronograph seconds hand are all there but the tachymeter scale on the outer circumference on the dial is replaced by a 1/10th of a second chronograph scale allowing for the measurement and reading of elapsed time in precise fractions of a second. In addition to its high collectability and historical importance (the latter being shared with the two other watches in the inaugural trilogy), the A386 is also a watch that had an immense influence on the brand and a source of profound inspiration for Zenith over the years. Very good! This new look features a trio of silver subdials complemented by a matte black main dial surface, reversed black and silver colorations for the outer ring scales, and khaki Super-LumiNova across the indices and the inner segments of the white ladder hands. The Updated Bracelet For The Omega Speedmaster Professional 3861 Here Is Whats New! It's a testament to how good it looks 50-some years later that Zenith has the same tri-color combination in their current lineup. Our 40-person quality & security team works hard to detect suspicious listings and address issues before they arise, allowing you to focus on what's most important finding the right watch! With its blend of historical look and modern technical content, the Zenith Chronomaster Original is everything I love in a watch. Well, few have made a big deal about this, but heres the explanation. Norqain - Independence 21 DLC Skeleton Limited Edi Tudor - Black Bay Fifty-Eight Bronze ref. Finally, this all changes with the new Zenith Chronomaster Original. In 1963, Jack Heuer obsessed over legibility and clean design to create what he saw (and I see) as the perfect chronograph the very first Carrera. Purchased from Zenith USA Authorized Dealer in 12.2021. Instead of calling it a vintage watch, Id tend to use the word timeless. As for the editions in this new sub-collection, Zenith offers, of course, the classic silver dial model with tri-colour (blue, anthracite and grey) sub-dials. The Zenith Chronomaster Original line is here and not a moment too soon in my view. All these elements are back in the Zenith Chronomaster Original, giving this watch its true personality. Price for the Zenith Chronomaster El Primero 38mm Final Edition will be $8,800 on the three leather straps and $9,850 on bracelet with the three leather straps, as well. His communication was always prompt if not immediate and continued during shipping and up to when I confirmed receipt of the watch.It is such a relief to deal with a Trusted Seller like Takuya Watches. All rights reserved. At 8,800 for steel on the bracelet (500 less on the strap) and 18,600 in gold, I think that Zenith has a proper hit on their hands (early sales also prove this).
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